Medications: Nearly any medication may have weight loss as a consideration or side effect. Medications may cause weight loss directly, or cause nausea and loss of appetite leading to weight loss.Poor nutrition: This may be due to poor food choices or not being able to afford enough food.Eating disorders: Both anorexia nervosa and bulimia can cause weight loss, and people who are coping with these conditions may not realize the significance of their weight loss.Smoking: Weight loss in smokers is often related to changes in metabolism, or the way your body processes and absorbs what you eat and drink.Oral concerns: These include gum disease, tooth decay, mouth sores, or braces.Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): COPD includes conditions such as emphysema, bronchiectasis, and chronic bronchitis.Kidney failure: Poor appetite and nausea may contribute to weight loss, but so does a change in fluid retention in a person whose kidneys aren't working properly.Heart failure: This may be caused by a loss of muscle mass linked to weight loss.Intestinal problems: These include peptic ulcer disease, celiac disease, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, and pancreatitis.Infections: Infections with viruses, bacteria, and parasites are not uncommon causes and include infections such as HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, and endocarditis (infection of the heart valves).Hypothyroidism: This disorder is caused by an underactive thyroid and is the opposite of hyperthyroidism, although it also can sometimes contribute to weight loss.The authors have not reported any conflicts of interest. The study was funded by grants from the Swedish Research Council, the Hong Kong Centre for Cerebro-cardiovascular Health Engineering, the Swedish Cancer Foundation, NOVO Nordisk, the Swedish Childhood Cancer Fund, the Strategic Research Areas (SFO)-Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Foundation, the Karolinska Institutet Foundation, the National Natural Science Foundation of China and the Doctor Fund of Shandong Natural Science Foundation. Of course, we will need more research to validate if our preclinical findings also hold up in human trials." "It's possible these drugs could also be helpful in treating COVID-19-related problems such as excessive weight loss and metabolic changes, thus improving the quality of life and survival for these patients. "Antiangiogenic drugs are currently used in the clinic to treat various types of cancers," Yihai Cao says. When the researchers treated the animals with a substance that inhibits the formation of new blood vessels, a so-called antiangiogenic drug, the animals recovered most of their lost weight and their fat tissues exhibited fewer microvessels. The researchers observed the same mechanisms in human tissue samples from four patients who died of COVID-19, suggesting the findings could be clinically relevant for humans. ![]() These fat tissues also contained more microvessels and high levels of a signaling protein called vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), which promotes the growth of new blood vessels. They found that the animals lost significant amounts of weight in four days and that this weight loss was preceded by the activation of brown fat and the browning of both types of white fat. ![]() ![]() The researchers examined how different types of fat, including brown fat and visceral and subcutaneous white fat, reacted when exposed to SARS-CoV-2 and how it impacted weight in mice and hamsters. "Our study proposes a completely new concept for treating COVID-19 associated weight loss by targeting the blood vessels in the fat tissues," says Yihai Cao, professor at the Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, and the study's corresponding author.
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